Scientific notation converter

Scientific notation writes a number as a value between 1 and 10 times a power of ten, keeping only its significant figures. 0.000456 becomes 4.56 × 10⁻⁴. E notation is the calculator form 4.56e-4, and engineering notation uses powers of ten in steps of three, matching milli, micro and kilo. SigFigCalc shows all three plus the plain decimal.

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You can type numbers in any of these forms.

How the sig fig calculator works

SigFigCalc reads your number as text, not as a floating-point value, so it never loses trailing zeros or picks up computer rounding errors. It finds the first non-zero digit, then decides how far the significant digits run: to the very last digit if there is a decimal point, or to the last non-zero digit if there is not. Any zeros after that in a whole number are marked as ambiguous.

Examples

NumberSig figsWhy
4,5074The zero is between non-zero digits
0.04503Leading zeros do not count; the trailing zero does
12002 (up to 4)Trailing zeros without a decimal point are ambiguous
1200.4The decimal point makes the zeros significant
6.022 × 10²³4Only the digits before the power of ten count

Calculations

Sums and differences are rounded to the least precise decimal place among the inputs. Products and quotients are rounded to the fewest significant figures among the inputs. SigFigCalc computes the exact answer first with big-number decimal arithmetic, then rounds once, half away from zero. For long problems, keep all digits until the final step. Everything is calculated in your browser.

Frequently asked questions

How do I write 0.000456 in scientific notation?

4.56 × 10⁻⁴.

What does 6.02e23 mean?

6.02 × 10²³, or 602 followed by 21 zeros.

What is engineering notation?

Scientific notation with the exponent a multiple of 3, like 456 × 10⁻⁶.

Is SigFigCalc free?

Yes, with no sign-up or ads.

Are my numbers saved?

Yes, in this browser only.

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